A number of assays such as ELISA, competitive Luminex immunoassays (cLIA) and in-vitro neutralization assays are available for evaluating the viability of the immune response in clinical trials and in post-vaccination surveillance [8]. (ELISA) was optimized for the detection and quantitation of anti-HPV L1 (late expression protein: types 6, 11, 16 and 18) immunoglobulin G (IgG) in human being serum ( em n /em ?=?89). The power of the assay was shown using serum collected from a cohort of pre-adolescent ladies (n?=?49) previously vaccinated having a quadrivalent vaccine and non-immune serum from age-matched controls (n?=?40). Results The assay showed good discrimination of antibody levels between instances and control sera: seroprevalence of anti-HPV IgG antibodies was significantly higher among vaccinated than unvaccinated ladies for both HPV-16 (63.3% vs. 12.5%; p? ?0.001) and HPV-18 (34.7% vs. 20.0%; p?=?0.042), respectively. Thirty-six weeks after receiving the third dose of vaccine, significantly higher mean anti-HPV-16 (0.618 vs. 0.145), anti-HPV-18 (0.323 vs. 0.309), and anti-HPV-6 (1.371 vs. 0.981) antibody levels were measured, compared to unvaccinated ladies (all p? ?0.05). A correlation between optical denseness and antibody activity indicated assay level of sensitivity to increasing levels of antibody activity. Conclusion We have successfully optimized and implemented a strong and sensitive assay for the evaluation of antibody reactions among immunized adolescent ladies for monitoring future large-scale HPV vaccination studies in low-income settings. Our results shown higher immunoglobulin G antibody activity within serum drawn from adolescent ladies immunized 36?weeks prior. Supplementary Info The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-022-01821-y. strong class=”kwd-title” Keywords: HPV, Quadrivalent vaccine, Antibodies, Immunogenicity, Ghana Background Cervical malignancy is definitely a leading cause of female cancer-related morbidity and mortality in Ghana [1]. Over Corylifol A 3000 ladies are diagnosed with, and more than 2000 ladies pass away from the disease each year in Ghana [2]. A vast majority of cervical cancers are attributable to prolonged illness with oncogenic genotypes of human being papillomavirus (HPV) [3]. Numerous Corylifol A prophylactic HPV vaccines have been licenced for use in avoiding HPV illness. The tetravalent vaccine combines HPV-16, -18, -6 and -11 virus-like particles (VLPs) to result in an immune response that can prevent illness by these HPV types. A nonavalent version, has also been licenced to extend the safety against additional oncogenic HPV types [4]. These vaccines reduce the burden of HPV-related cancers including cervical malignancy, as well as anogenital and head and neck cancers [3]. They were originally licenced for adolescent ladies before sexual debut but have been subsequently prolonged to boys as well [5, 6]. The vaccines are expected to produce nearly complete safety against HPV types responsible for over 70% of cervical cancers and their pre-neoplastic lesions, at least in the short term by a mechanism primarily mediated by neutralizing antibodies [7, 8]. However, one important limitation is definitely that antibody levels elicited through vaccination may wane over time [9], consequently their long-term durability needs to become investigated. Immunogenicity screening is definitely important for a number of good reasons. Specific population-based evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity is definitely significant for generating robust evidence of vaccine performance and paving FZD7 the way for the implementation of large-scale common vaccination exercises. Immunogenicity studies may also help to clarify the anticipated duration of safety for vaccinated individuals and optimize common vaccination protocols in the long-term [10]. Neutralization assays to estimate circulating anti-HPV antibody levels have been developed as the platinum standard for monitoring immune status during medical trials or following a intro of HPV vaccines. In addition, immunogenicity studies based on solitary epitope-based inhibition immunoassays and enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) have been reported [11C13]. Multiple-epitope neutralization assays are hard to optimize and deploy in large level Corylifol A medical tests and implement in resource-constrained settings. However, ELISAs have the advantage of becoming sensitive, rapid, reproducible and amenable to automation [10]. ELISA technology is considered to be an excellent surrogate for neutralizing activity for evaluating antibody response induced by L1 VLP-based cervical malignancy vaccines, no matter time elapsed after vaccination (up to 6.4?years) and the age of the vaccine recipient [10]. Despite authorization for use of the vaccine in some.